Rational design of thermally stable polymorphic layered cathode materials for next generation lithium rechargeable batteries

Classical layered transition metal oxides have remained the preferred cathode materials for commercial lithium-ion batteries. Variation in the transition metal composition and local ordering can greatly affect the structure stability. In classical layered cathodes, high concentrations of electrochemically inert Mn elements usually act as a pillar to stabilize the structure. When excess amount of Li and Mn are present in the layered structure, the capacity of the Li-rich layered oxide (molar ratio of lithium over transition metal is larger than one by design) can exceed that expected from transition metal redox. However, the over lithiation in the classical layered structure results in safety issues, which remains challenging for the commercialization of Li-rich layered oxides. To characterize the safety performance of a series of Li-rich layered cathodes, we utilize differential scanning calorimeter and thermal gravimetric analysis; this is coupled with local structural changes using in situ temperature dependent synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy. These methods demonstrate that the gradual decrease of the Mn–M (M = Ni, Co, Mn and Li) coordination number directly reduces structural stability and accelerates oxygen release. For safety characterization tests in practice, we evaluate the thermal runaway process through accelerating rate calorimeter in 1.0 Ah pouch cells to confirm this trend. Using the insights obtained in this work, we design a polymorphic composition to improve the thermal stability of Li-rich layered cathode material, which outperforms Ni-rich layered oxides in terms of both electrochemical and safety performances.     

Enable high reversibility of Fe/Cu based fluoride conversion batteries via interfacial gas release and detergency of garnet electrolytes

Garnet-type Ta-doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZTO) electrolyte suffers from unstable chemical passivation under air exposure, responsible for the poor interfacial wettability and conductivity with Li metal. Instead of conventional methods to remove surface contaminants by mechanical polishing, acid etching and high temperature reduction, herein we propose a simple strategy of interfacial gas release and detergency to smartly convert Li₂CO₃ passivation layer into ion-conductive Li₃PO₄ domains at mild temperature (∼200 ℃). The in-situ formation of PH₃ vapor and its phosphorization enables a dramatic decrease of Li/garnet interfacial resistance down to 2 Ω cm² at room temperature (RT). The improved interfacial wettability and conductivity endow the symmetric cells with ultra-stable galvanostatic cycling over 1500 h and high critical current density of 2.6 mA/cm². The high coulombic efficiency of Li plating enables a high reversibility of solid-state NCM811/Li cells even under a low N/P ratio (∼4) and high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V at RT. The prototype of fluoride-garnet solid-state batteries are successfully driven as rechargeable system (rather than widely known primary battery) with high conversion capacity (400 ∼ 500 mAh/g) and high-rate performance (251.2 mAh/g at 3 C). This interface infiltration-detergency approach provides a practical solution to the achievement of high-energy solid-state Li metal batteries.     

改型Wollaston棱镜干涉光谱仪的调制度研究

改型Wollaston棱镜(MWP)无需中继,可构建微型傅里叶变换光谱仪。回顾了MWP的基本原理,从调制度定义出发,计算得到准单色光源的复相干度,找到调制度的影响因素——扩展视场、剪切结构、焦面探测等。建立一般的干涉定域分析模型后,由像点逆光路追迹给出MWP的厚度计算公式,代入调制度约束参数得到不同参量的误差容限。通过FRED记录不同视场扩展情况的灰度与辐照度,结果显示,调制度为0.9时,视场与理论估算值1.24°基本相符;不同剪切量的灰度与辐照度变化特性表明,结构角会使定域垂直系统光轴的入射角发生变化,与晶轴倾角共同影响双折射率差;2.5和8μm像元探测采样表现出调制度差异,描述了定域深度或离焦的影响。以准单色光源、复相干度表示调制度,可将不同影响因素统一至约束参数中,相关变量误差容限可作为MWP-FTS的设计依据。     

A New Design Methodology for Time-Based Capacitance-to-Digital Converters (T-CDCs)

This paper introduces a 9-bit time-based capacitance-to-digital converter (T-CDC). This T-CDC adopts a new design methodology for parasitic cancellation with a simple calibration technique. In T-CDCs, the input sensor capacitance is first converted into a delay pulse using a capacitance-to-time converter (CTC) circuit; then this delay signal is converted into a digital code through a time-to-digital converter (TDC) circuit. A prototype of the proposed T-CDC is implemented in UMC 0.13 μm CMOS technology. This T-CDC consumes 8.42 μW and achieves a maximum SNR of 45.14 dB with a conversion time of 1 μs that corresponds to a figure of merit (FoM) of 16.4 fJ/Conv.     

Relaxor behavior and energy storage density induced by B-sites substitutions in (Ca0.28Ba0.72)2.1Na0.8Nb5O15 Tungsten bronze ceramics

Lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics (Ca_0.28Ba_0.72)_2.1Na_0.8Nb_5-xSb_xO₁₅ (CBNNS) and (Ca_0.28Ba_0.72)_2.1Na_0.8Nb_5-yTa_yO₁₅ (CBNNT) with tungsten bronze structure were fabricated via solid-state reactions. The obtained CBNNS and CBNNT ceramics showed different dielectric behaviors. Only the CBNNS ceramics revealed an intensified diffusion and relaxor-like characteristics, which could be verified by the modified Curie–Weiss law. The relaxor behaviors in CBNNS were attributed to the radii difference between Sb⁵⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ ions co-occupying in B-sites. For the substitution of Nb⁵⁺ by Sb⁵⁺ in CBNNS ceramics, the change from macroscopic polarization to local polarization could also give rise to the obvious relaxor behavior. The Raman spectra verified a larger off-centering of the cation and a higher distortion degree for BO₆ octahedron in the ab plane for CBNNS ceramics when compared with those of CBNNT. In addition, the ferroelectric properties of CBNNS ceramics further indicated the relaxor ferroelectric nature, and also confirmed that the relaxor behavior helped to improve the energy-storage performance.     

高速纺纱锭子弹性管减振机制与振动特性

为探究锭子弹性管的减振机制,将其开螺旋槽部分作为矩形弹簧模型处理,建立了减振弹性管的抗弯刚度及底部振幅的理论数学模型,并利用MatLab仿真分析了减振弹性管关键结构参教与其抗弯刚度和底部振动特性的耦合关系,同时结合有限元仿真及模态测试得到弹性管各阶固有频率。研究结果表明:随着槽宽和圈数的增大,刚度降低,底部振幅增加;随着壁厚、螺距、螺旋升角、弹性模量的增大,刚度增加,底部振幅降低;弹性管固有频率和锭子系统共振频率区间一致,且工作频率有效避开了共振频率。     

庞庞塔煤矿综采工作面恒压供液系统研究

结合庞庞塔煤矿综采工作面的具体应用现状,设计了变频驱动控制的恒压供液系统。在泵出口管道中设置压力传感器、流量计等,同时在每台液压支架乳化液入口处安装一个蓄能器。压力、流量等数值由各种传感器来进行采集,并把监测到的数据反馈给PLC控制器。PLC控制器通过把传感器送来的数据和系统预设好的数值进行比较来判断供液系统是否需要加压或着减压,以此通过变频器来改变电机的转速,以实现供液系统维持恒压状态。     

SC15/182F分体式电驱梭车的研制及应用

梭车是短壁机械化开采技术的重要运输设备。简要介绍了现有梭车的现状及应用局限,详细阐述了分体梭车的主要设计思路,重点介绍了薄壁分体式机架的结构特征,阐述了分体梭车在模块化卷电缆装置、四象限变频驱动等方面的技术升级,并介绍了分体梭车在国内矿区的应用情况。     

A multi-tone central divided difference frequency tracker with adaptive process noise covariance tuning

The problem of real-time frequency estimation of nonstationary multi-harmonic signals is important in many applications. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-frequency tracker based on a state-space representation of the signal with Cartesian filters and the second-order central divided difference filter (CDDF), which improves the performance of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) by using Stirling's interpolation method to approximate the mean and covariance of the state vector. A crucial element of the method is the adaptive scaling of the process noise covariance matrix appearing in the filter equations, as a function of the innovation sequence, which tunes the accuracy-reactivity trade-off of the filter. The proposed solution is evaluated against two approaches from the literature, namely the factorized adaptive notch filter (FANF) and the extended Kalman filter frequency tracker (EKFFT). Several experiments emphasize the estimation accuracy of the proposed method as well as the improved robustness with respect to initial errors and input signal complexity. The presented method appears to be particularly efficient with rapidly varying frequencies, thanks to the update mechanism that adjusts the filter parameters based on the amplitude of the estimation error.     

变截面Z型折叠机翼振动特性的有限元与实验分析

Z型变截面折叠机翼作为一种可变体机翼结构,不同的折叠角对机翼稳定性有着重要的影响,因此研究不同折叠角度下的特性参数对机翼动态稳定性有着重要的意义.本文首先设计加工了Z型变截面可折叠机翼结构的实验模型,通过建立与实验模型相匹配的有限元模型,仿真得到不同折叠角度下机翼的前5阶固有频率和振型,针对不同折叠角度下机翼的固有特性,通过扫频实验得到机翼前5阶固有频率和模态振型,以及横向外激励作用下三段翼的频响曲线,对比分析有限元仿真与实验结果,验证结果的可靠性,这将对机翼结构设计以及特性参数的选取提供参考依据.